{"id":7717,"date":"2023-08-24T15:04:24","date_gmt":"2023-08-24T08:04:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/?p=7717"},"modified":"2024-06-24T04:02:14","modified_gmt":"2024-06-24T04:02:14","slug":"tim-hieu-ve-tan-cong-dns-dinh-nghia-cach-thuc-hoat-dong-va-bien-phap-phong-ngua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/tim-hieu-ve-tan-cong-dns-dinh-nghia-cach-thuc-hoat-dong-va-bien-phap-phong-ngua\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ccM HI\u1ec2U V\u1ec0 T\u1ea4N C\u00d4NG DNS: \u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A, C\u00c1CH TH\u1ee8C HO\u1ea0T \u0110\u1ed8NG V\u00c0 BI\u1ec6N PH\u00c1P PH\u00d2NG NG\u1eeaA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

T\u1ed5ng quan :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn DNS, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a “Domain Name System” – m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb. T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o DNS kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng DNS – t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n ra, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f9ng nhau kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng DNS ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00e0 n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c k\u1ebb x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an ninh m\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng DNS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng DNS l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

1. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a DNS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

DNS, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a “Domain Name System” (H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng c\u1ee7a Internet, \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP (Internet Protocol) \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP, DNS gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c trang web v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c d\u00e3y s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng DNS l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng DNS l\u00e0 khi c\u00e1c k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng m\u1ea1ng t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng c\u00f3 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n (DNS) c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n DNS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i DNS b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cache c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n ghi, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c truy v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS kh\u00e1c. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u00ecm m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS ch\u1ee9a \u00e1nh x\u1ea1 chu\u1ea9n cho t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd l\u01b0u tr\u1eef t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP trong b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cache c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9. Do kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp lu\u1ed3ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch t\u1eeb xa v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o DNS \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m m\u1ea1ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0103n c\u1eafp th\u00f4ng tin<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. C\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng DNS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
    \n
  • Zero-day attack (T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Zero-day):<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng khi k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m DNS m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edfi n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Cache poisoning (L\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cache):<\/strong> Cache poisoning l\u00e0 khi k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u1eeba c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft DNS v\u00e0o l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ec7ch, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP, nh\u1eb1m chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t trang web \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) (T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n):<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng khi k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng g\u1eedi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Denial of Service (DoS) \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n g\u1eedi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng DDoS s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t botnet, th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eedi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n l\u1edbn t\u1edbi m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • DNS amplification (T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng khu\u1ebfch \u0111\u1ea1i DNS):<\/strong> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng DDoS khi k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng g\u1eedi m\u1ed9t truy v\u1ea5n DNS v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft DNS m\u1edf, khi\u1ebfn cho n\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft DNS kh\u00e1c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c g\u1eedi c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n n\u00e0y, m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i b\u1edfi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Fast-flux DNS (DNS nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ed5i IP):<\/strong> Fast-flux DNS li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n duy nh\u1ea5t, sau \u0111\u00f3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • DNS tunneling (T\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m DNS):<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o DNS, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m DNS cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1ch cho k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ra ho\u1eb7c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • DNS Hijacking (Chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t DNS):<\/strong> Trong t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y, k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t DNS tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp t\u1eeb c\u00e1c trang web h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c trang web \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Pharming:<\/strong> Pharming l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t DNS, trong \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin DNS tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c trang web gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attack (T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf gi\u1eefa):<\/strong> Trong t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y, k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o giao ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • NXDOMAIN Attack (T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng NXDOMAIN):<\/strong> Trong lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y, k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng g\u1eedi c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n DNS v\u1edbi t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i “NXDOMAIN” (T\u00ean mi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i cho m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Tunneling Attack (T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m):<\/strong> Trong t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng tunneling, k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt tunneling \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea7m \u1ea9n, nh\u1eb1m tr\u00e1nh ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Typosquatting (Chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n qua l\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3):<\/strong> Trong t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y, k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00e1c t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh t\u1ea3. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng nh\u1eadp sai t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n v\u00e0o tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c trang web \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c can thi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng DNS \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    III. C\u00e1ch ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng DNS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

    \n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

    Vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt DNS cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n v\u00f9ng DNS, thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft DNS, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng theo d\u00f5i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng DNS \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp (m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecd v\u1eabn n\u00ean c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng), do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m server:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, k\u00e8m theo t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u00e1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. Vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e1 l\u1ed7i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng khai th\u00e1c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111a y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 (MFA):<\/strong> Tri\u1ec3n khai x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111a y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng DNS. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 m\u00e3 x\u00e1c minh, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Tri\u1ec3n khai DNSSEC (Domain Name System Security Extensions):<\/strong> DNSSEC s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a ch\u1eef k\u00fd s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng khai \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi DNS. N\u00f3 gi\u00fap ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi DNS \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c trang web \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • T\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 DNS. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m b\u1edfi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng DNS:<\/strong> Xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi DNS, v\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o DNS. C\u1ea9n th\u1eadn ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi A, CNAME v\u00e0 MX \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u1ea8n phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n BIND:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng BIND, m\u1ed9t m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 DNS ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, h\u00e3y \u1ea9n phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh cho k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a BIND m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ch\u1ea1y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn trong phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u0169.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n vi\u1ec7c truy c\u1eadp v\u00f9ng DNS<\/strong>: H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf quy\u1ec1n truy\u1ec1n v\u00f9ng DNS, gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n v\u00f9ng DNS.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • T\u1eaft ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec7 quy DNS:<\/strong> V\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec7 quy DNS tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb cache DNS.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng DDoS:<\/strong> Khi g\u1eb7p t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng DDoS, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng DDoS \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Cloudflare, Sophos endpoint, AVG c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng DDoS tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1ng:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i c\u00e1c nh\u1eadt k\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p SIEM (Security Information and Event Management). B\u1ea1n n\u00ean c\u0169ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c nh\u1eadt k\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft DNS c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m sao ch\u00e9p DNS th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng DNS c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng DNS v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      T\u1ed5ng quan : Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 h\u00f3a v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c 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