{"id":7520,"date":"2023-08-10T14:54:08","date_gmt":"2023-08-10T07:54:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/?p=7520"},"modified":"2024-06-24T04:02:15","modified_gmt":"2024-06-24T04:02:15","slug":"ban-co-biet-cach-bao-ve-may-chu-server","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/ban-co-biet-cach-bao-ve-may-chu-server\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea0N C\u00d3 BI\u1ebeT C\u00c1CH B\u1ea2O V\u1ec6 M\u00c1Y CH\u1ee6 (SERVER)."},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng cho \u0111\u1ebfn cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 trung t\u00e2m trong c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng l\u1eabn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. M\u00e1y Ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 g\u00ec ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 (Server) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c trong m\u1ea1ng. M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ea1ng, cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd email, trang web, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd, b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb RAM, \u1ed5 c\u1ee9ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i m\u1ea1ng nhanh. M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 Windows Server, Linux ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c t\u00f9y theo m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ed1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  • 1940s – 1950s: <\/strong>Ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00e1 c\u1ed3ng k\u1ec1nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 1960s – 1970s:<\/strong> IBM System\/360 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n quan tr\u1ecdng trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 “h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n” (mainframe) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kinh doanh v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 1980s: <\/strong>S\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 x86 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, m\u1edf ra k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. Microsoft Windows Server c\u0169ng ra m\u1eaft trong th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 n\u00e0y.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 1990s:<\/strong> M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00e3 ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 Apache Web Server. C\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed l\u00fd cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 2000s: <\/strong>S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Internet \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 web v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. Virtualization (\u1ea3o h\u00f3a) b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, cho ph\u00e9p t\u00e1ch m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e1y \u1ea3o.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • 2010s:<\/strong> \u0110i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n to\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y nh\u01b0 Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure v\u00e0 Google Cloud \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tri\u1ec3n khai v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai: <\/strong>M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1edbn. C\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng minh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    2. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    C\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c nhau, theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    2.1<\/strong> Web Server (M\u00e1y Ch\u1ee7 Web)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n

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    \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
      \n
    • Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong> Cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c trang web v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean Internet.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Apache, Nginx, Microsoft IIS.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Vai tr\u00f2: <\/strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u HTTP, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 n\u1ed9i dung t\u0129nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng cho tr\u00ecnh duy\u1ec7t web.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      2.2<\/strong> Email Server (M\u00e1y Ch\u1ee7 Email)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

      \n
      \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
        \n
      • Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: <\/strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i email trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean Internet.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: <\/strong>Microsoft Exchange Server, Postfix, Sendmail.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Vai tr\u00f2: <\/strong>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef, g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn email, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd danh b\u1ea1 v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        2.3<\/strong> File Server (M\u00e1y Ch\u1ee7 T\u1eadp Tin)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n

        \n
        \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
          \n
        • Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong> L\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eadp tin \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb trong m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: <\/strong>Windows Server, Samba.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Vai tr\u00f2: <\/strong>Cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chia s\u1ebb t\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c, ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          2.4<\/strong> Database Server (M\u00e1y Ch\u1ee7 C\u01a1 S\u1edf D\u1eef Li\u1ec7u)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: <\/strong>L\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Oracle Database.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Vai tr\u00f2: <\/strong>Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, cung c\u1ea5p kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            2.5 Application Server (M\u00e1y Ch\u1ee7 \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n

            \n
            \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n
              \n
            • Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong> Cung c\u1ea5p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea1y \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Java EE Server (Tomcat, JBoss), Microsoft .NET.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Vai tr\u00f2:<\/strong> Ch\u1ea1y \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p, x\u1eed l\u00fd logic nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              2.6 Game Server (M\u00e1y Ch\u1ee7 Game).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n
              • Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: <\/strong>Cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ch\u01a1i game tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Steam, Minecraft Server, GameSpy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Vai tr\u00f2:<\/strong> Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01a1i tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                2.7<\/strong> DNS Server (M\u00e1y Ch\u1ee7 DNS)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \n
                • Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong> Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhau tr\u00ean Internet.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng:<\/strong> Bind, Microsoft DNS Server.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Vai tr\u00f2:<\/strong> Qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00ean mi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 IP.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                  2.8<\/strong> Proxy Server (M\u00e1y Ch\u1ee7 Proxy)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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                  • Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/strong> L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m trung gian gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 l\u1ecdc n\u1ed9i dung.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: <\/strong>Squid, Microsoft Forefront TMG.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Vai tr\u00f2:<\/strong> B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp Internet, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                    3. M\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    3.1 Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Sony Pictures Entertainment (2014)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Nh\u00f3m tin t\u1eb7c “Guardians of Peace” (GOP) t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Sony Pictures Entertainment. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n email, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 l\u00ean m\u1ea1ng. Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 phim “The Interview,” v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u00e2m m\u01b0u \u00e1m s\u00e1t l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean. Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a Sony. <\/p>\n\n\n

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                    \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                    Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, bao g\u1ed3m s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Sony Pictures Entertainment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    3.2 Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng DNC v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Hoa K\u1ef3 (2016)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Nh\u00f3m Fancy Bear, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nga, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee6y ban Qu\u1ed1c gia \u0110\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 (DNC) v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n email n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9. Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Hoa K\u1ef3 2016 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o email \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n email c\u1ee7a DNC, sau \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n email n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    3.3 Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Equifax (2017)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Tin t\u1eb7c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Equifax, m\u1ed9t trong ba c\u00f4ng ty th\u00f4ng tin t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y \u0111i th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 143 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ean, ng\u00e0y sinh, s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c. Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. <\/p>\n\n\n

                    \n
                    \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                    Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y khai th\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Apache Struts, m\u1ed9t framework ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web. Tin t\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng CVE-2017-5638 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u0111i th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    3.4 Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng WannaCry (2017)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ransomware l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, WannaCry \u0111\u00e3 lan r\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. Tin t\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng trong Windows \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u1ec1n chu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra s\u1ef1 m\u1ea5t t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng. <\/p>\n\n\n

                    \n
                    \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                    Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y khai th\u00e1c m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt trong Windows \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “EternalBlue,” m\u00e0 Microsoft \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n v\u00e1 sau khi cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra. L\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p tin t\u1eb7c lan truy\u1ec1n m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c ransomware tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    3.4 Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng SolarWinds (2020).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Nh\u00f3m tin t\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Nga t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ty ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m SolarWinds th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a SolarWinds v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. <\/p>\n\n\n

                    \n
                    \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                    Tin t\u1eb7c t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd m\u1ea1ng SolarWinds \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. L\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p tin t\u1eb7c x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    3.5 Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Colonial Pipeline (2021)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Tin t\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Colonial Pipeline, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ea1ng d\u1eabn d\u1ea7u l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i M\u1ef9. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ti\u1ec1n chu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3. Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu x\u0103ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng quan tr\u1ecdng. <\/p>\n\n\n

                    \n
                    \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                    Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c ransomware DarkSide v\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Colonial Pipeline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    4. L\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc qu\u00fd b\u00e1u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd r\u1ee7i ro trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 v\u00e1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m:<\/strong> C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 WannaCry v\u00e0 SolarWinds \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u00e1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    B\u1ea3o m\u1eadt m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u y\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c d\u1ec5 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ee7i ro. Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Equifax v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng DNC \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    T\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp:<\/strong> L\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Colonial Pipeline l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt: <\/strong>C\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ed1ng vi-r\u00fat, t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng:<\/strong> Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Sony Pictures Entertainment \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Sao l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3: <\/strong>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sao l\u01b0u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef n\u00f3 \u1edf n\u01a1i an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u do t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1eadt l\u00ed:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed an to\u00e0n v\u1eadt l\u00ed, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n truy c\u1eadp v\u1eadt l\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u1ecf m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 kh\u1ecfi truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    T\u1ea1o nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 an ninh m\u1ea1ng: <\/strong>C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 an ninh m\u1ea1ng trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    H\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin: <\/strong>Cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng SolarWinds \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i \u0111e d\u1ecda b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt. C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng an ninh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng nhau l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tin t\u1eb7c v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                    Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin. T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng cho \u0111\u1ebfn cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 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