{"id":7496,"date":"2023-08-08T15:14:18","date_gmt":"2023-08-08T08:14:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/?p=7496"},"modified":"2024-06-24T04:02:15","modified_gmt":"2024-06-24T04:02:15","slug":"top-10-lo-hong-bao-mat-pho-bien-tren-nen-tang-web-cua-owasp-p1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/top-10-lo-hong-bao-mat-pho-bien-tren-nen-tang-web-cua-owasp-p1\/","title":{"rendered":"TOP 10 L\u1ed6 H\u1ed4NG B\u1ea2O M\u1eacT PH\u1ed4 BI\u1ebeN TR\u00caN N\u1ec0N T\u1ea2NG WEB C\u1ee6A OWASP (P1)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

T\u1ed5ng quan :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Internet v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng web \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, mua s\u1eafm v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u01a1 l\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y, khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t c\u1eafp th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn “Top 10 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng web.” Nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n trong c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c b\u1edfi c\u00e1c hacker v\u00e0 k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y c\u1eafp th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Top 10 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean c\u00e1c trang web theo OWASP<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

OWASP l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a “Open Web Application Security Project,” t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c phi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web. OWASP \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2001 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean quan tr\u1ecdng cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a OWASP l\u00e0 gi\u00fap c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt, nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u1eefu \u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a OWASP l\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch “OWASP Top 10,” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 sau m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi gian nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ra c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i. OWASP Top 10 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean gia b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1 Injection (T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Injection)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web, trong \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e8n m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n. Injection th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 SQL, LDAP, XML ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f4 t\u1ea3:<\/strong> Khi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00e8n m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadp li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. M\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi b\u1edfi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c c\u00e2u truy v\u1ea5n, thao t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Injection bao g\u1ed3m:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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  • SQL Injection (T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng SQL Injection):<\/strong> K\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u00e8n m\u00e3 SQL v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 thao t\u00e1c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed x\u00f3a c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • LDAP Injection (T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng LDAP Injection):<\/strong> T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 SQL Injection, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra khi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c (LDAP) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin. K\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t truy v\u1ea5n LDAP \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, truy c\u1eadp ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • XML Injection (T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng XML Injection):<\/strong> K\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u00e8n m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u XML, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra sai s\u00f3t trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u XML.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    Nguy c\u01a1: T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Injection c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nguy hi\u1ec3m, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    • L\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m:<\/strong> K\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u, th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> K\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng DoS:<\/strong> T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Injection c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 (DoS), l\u00e0m ng\u1eebng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • Th\u1ef1c thi m\u00e3 t\u1eeb xa (RCE):<\/strong> Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1y m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u1eeb k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi m\u00e3 t\u1eeb xa tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba: \u0110\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng Injection, c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt sau:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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      • Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang trong c\u00e1c c\u00e2u truy v\u1ea5n ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt nh\u01b0 Prepared Statements cho SQL, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n an to\u00e0n cho c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef truy v\u1ea5n kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o nguy hi\u1ec3m:<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c k\u00fd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        1.2 Broken Authentication (S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

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        \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

        \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        M\u00f4 t\u1ea3:<\/strong> S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m tra ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng ho\u1eb7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        Nguy c\u01a1: Nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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        • L\u1ea5y c\u1eafp th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp:<\/strong> K\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng ch\u1eb7n (Brute Force) ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n (Dictionary Attack).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • Gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n:<\/strong> K\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 v\u00e0 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

          Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba: \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt sau:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n
          • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 (2FA):<\/strong> X\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt b\u1ed5 sung b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c b\u1ed5 sung ngo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u00e3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c g\u1eedi qua \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng phi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c an to\u00e0n:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd phi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c (session) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n an to\u00e0n, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a phi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ID phi\u00ean.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • Ki\u1ec3m tra quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 phi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, framework ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 l\u1ed7i m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
          • \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t:<\/strong> \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecd c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c. H\u00e3y gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00e1ng ng\u1edd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

            1.3 Sensitive Data Exposure (R\u00f2 r\u1ec9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

            \n
            \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

            \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng khi b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            M\u00f4 t\u1ea3:<\/strong> R\u00f2 r\u1ec9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e3 h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m nh\u01b0 m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u, th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng, th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ho\u1eb7c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i ch\u00fang. K\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Nguy c\u01a1: R\u00f2 r\u1ec9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

              \n
            • \u0110\u00e1nh c\u1eafp th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n:<\/strong> K\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, bao g\u1ed3m t\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9, s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, email v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • L\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n:<\/strong> K\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u0103ng nh\u1eadp, m\u1eadt kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ebb t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp, l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u00e0i kho\u1ea3n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
            • Thi\u1ebfu uy t\u00edn:<\/strong> R\u00f2 r\u1ec9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y m\u1ea5t uy t\u00edn cho t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, khi th\u00f4ng tin c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u1ecb ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

              Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba: \u0110\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt sau:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                \n
              • M\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ho\u1eb7c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0 HTTPS cho truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u qua m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m. Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc “nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc l\u00e0m \u00edt” (least privilege principle).<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • L\u01b0u tr\u1eef an to\u00e0n:<\/strong> L\u01b0u tr\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 an to\u00e0n, c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong> Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
              • Tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 GDPR.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                1.4 XML External Entities (XXE)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

                \n
                \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u XML, cho ph\u00e9p k\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1eed l\u00fd XML.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                M\u00f4 t\u1ea3:<\/strong> T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng XXE x\u1ea3y ra khi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u XML \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. K\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00e8n c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 XML b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u XML c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea3i c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p t\u1eeb m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed th\u1ef1c thi m\u00e3 t\u1eeb xa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                Nguy c\u01a1: T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng XXE c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  \n
                • R\u00f2 r\u1ec9 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m:<\/strong> K\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy xu\u1ea5t d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c truy v\u1ea5n m\u1ea1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • Th\u1ef1c thi m\u00e3 t\u1eeb xa (RCE):<\/strong> K\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1eeb xa tr\u00ean m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00e8n c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 XML \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                • T\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng denial-of-service (DoS):<\/strong> K\u1ebb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c t\u1ec7p XML l\u1edbn ho\u1eb7c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                  Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba: \u0110\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng XXE, c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt sau:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    \n
                  • V\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/strong> T\u1eaft ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh x\u1eed l\u00fd XML.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch XML an to\u00e0n:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch XML an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng XXE.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • Ch\u1eb7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady:<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u XML \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 XML \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                  • M\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m:<\/strong> M\u00e3 h\u00f3a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u01b0u tr\u1eef ho\u1eb7c truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy c\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                    1.5 Broken Access Control (S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n

                    \n
                    \"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

                    “S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp” (Broken Access Control) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong “Top 10 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng web” do OWASP li\u1ec7t k\u00ea. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt nguy hi\u1ec3m x\u1ea3y ra khi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    M\u00f4 t\u1ea3:<\/strong> S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp x\u1ea3y ra khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean ho\u1eb7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra khi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    Nguy c\u01a1: S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      \n
                    • Truy c\u1eadp tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p:<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nguy c\u01a1 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • L\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m:<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 th\u00f4ng tin.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                    • Thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng cho ph\u00e9p:<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp, g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                      Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba: \u0110\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp, c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt sau:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        \n
                      • Ki\u1ec3m tra quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch cho t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • Ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o:<\/strong> Ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c tham s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm so\u00e1t truy c\u1eadp.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • Ki\u1ec3m tra \u1edf c\u1ea3 ph\u00eda m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ph\u00eda m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 \u1edf ph\u00eda m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ph\u00eda m\u00e1y kh\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean giao di\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd:<\/strong> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 token h\u1ee3p chu\u1ea9n OAuth2 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 truy c\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
                      • Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9:<\/strong> \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 m\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

                        <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                        T\u1ed5ng quan : Nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt s\u1ed1, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Internet v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng web \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, mua s\u1eafm v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":7506,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"on","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,80,17],"tags":[93,235,236,237,97,164,226],"class_list":["post-7496","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-endpoint","category-huong-dan-tai-lieu","category-bao-mat","tag-antivirus","tag-broken-authentication","tag-injection","tag-owasp","tag-sophos-endpoint","tag-top-10","tag-web-bao-mat","entry","has-media"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7496","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7496"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7496\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10150,"href":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7496\/revisions\/10150"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7506"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7496"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7496"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7496"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}