{"id":687,"date":"2022-09-30T22:29:48","date_gmt":"2022-09-30T15:29:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/w2.vacif.com\/?p=687"},"modified":"2024-06-24T03:51:29","modified_gmt":"2024-06-24T03:51:29","slug":"tim-hieu-tong-quan-ve-thiet-bi-switch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/tim-hieu-tong-quan-ve-thiet-bi-switch\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Switch"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.Switch l\u00e0 g\u00ec ?<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Switch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng LAN (Local Area Network), d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau theo ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh sao (Star). Switch s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee9ng ra l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:http:\/\/aws.vacif.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2022\/09\/image-89.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-779\" width=\"612\" height=\"344\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, Switch c\u00f2n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Full Duplex gi\u00fap m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch Switch s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t giao th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ra \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lu\u1ed3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c g\u00f3i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch \u1edf trong m\u1ea1ng LAN. Switch quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u1ec3n Frame d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC (Media Access Control) n\u00ean \u1edf trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh tham chi\u1ebfu OSI (Open System Interconnection) th\u00ec Switch n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u1ea7ng 2 (Data link &#8211; t\u1ea7ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u).&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i Switch<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n chia Switch th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1.D\u1ef1a theo s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Switch layer 1:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>L\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch, \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 s\u01a1 khai n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hub, Hub (m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0o, nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed5ng ra).<\/li><li>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy c\u1eadp n\u00e0o \u0111i ngang qua n\u00f3. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t g\u00f3i tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o Hub (Switch layer 1) t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i&nbsp;ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u1ed5ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o.<\/li><li>T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 2000, Switch layer 1 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai cung c\u1ea5p hay s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Switch layer 1.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Switch layer 2:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 1 c\u1ea7u n\u1ed1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u port, m\u1ed7i port l\u00e0 1 Ethernet LAN.<\/li><li>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i cho c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, chi nh\u00e1nh, doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i, truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li><li>C\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Ethernet kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n tin m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c.<\/li><li>Switch l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c host c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 song c\u00f4ng.<\/li><li>Switch truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i chia s\u1ebb b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng.<\/li><li>Gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i trong Frame do c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ed7i, l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i g\u00f3i tin t\u1ed1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Switch layer 3:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>N\u00f3 s\u1ebd s\u1edf h\u1eefu h\u1ebft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Switch layer 2 v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00eam ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb IP ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng LAN kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 Switch layer 3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Router m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i WAN (Wide Area Network).<\/li><li>N\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed5ng (10 GB SFP+) v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt th\u00f4ng tin.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2.Theo s\u1ed1 c\u1ed5ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 r\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 c\u1ed5ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng user t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 hay l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan. Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Switch s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ed5ng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Switch 4 port<\/li><li>Switch 8 port<\/li><li>Switch 12 port<\/li><li>Switch 16 port<\/li><li>Switch 24 port<\/li><li>Switch 48 port<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3.Theo c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Switch ethernet 10\/100<\/li><li>Switch ethernet 10\/100\/1000 (Switch Gigabit)<\/li><li>Switch ethernet PoE<\/li><li>Switch c\u1ed5ng quang<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.4.Theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Switch c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (Industrial Ethernet Switches):<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n, s\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec7n,\u2026v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00e0i h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng Switch Ethernet th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li><li><strong>Core Switch:<\/strong> kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Router. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng khi m\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Access Switch v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/li><li><strong>Access Switch:<\/strong> l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u1edbi nhau.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.5.Theo t\u00ednh n\u0103ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Switch kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/strong> s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh. Khi mua v\u1ec1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1eb5n. Lo\u1ea1i Switch n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00f4ng ty v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf.<\/li><li><strong>Switch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c:<\/strong> ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng tr\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o trong c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh, t\u00f9y ch\u1ec9nh th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sao cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng linh ho\u1ea1t h\u01a1n, t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao h\u01a1n, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Switch qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 d\u00e2y, gi\u00fap k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i cap Ethernet th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.6.Theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Workgroup Switch:<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng ngang h\u00e0ng. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Switch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd qu\u00e1 cao c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn.<\/li><li><strong>Segment Switch:<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c Hub ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c Workgroup Switch v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u1edf t\u1ea7ng m\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 Switch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 x\u1eed l\u00fd ph\u1ea3i cao.<\/li><li><strong>Backbone Switch:<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c Segment Switch l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb l\u1edbn c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t nhanh th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00f3 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ho\u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi nhau.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Switch<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00ec Switch \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u.<\/li><li>Switch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Full Duplex gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c host g\u1eedi v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, gi\u00fap m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n.<\/li><li>Switch c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u1ec3n Frame n\u00ean m\u1ea1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 LAN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/li><li>Switch c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1y \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC ngu\u1ed3n trong Frame n\u00f3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li><li>N\u1ebfu hai m\u00e1y trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau th\u00ec ch\u00ednh Switch s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ch \u1ea3o gi\u1eefa hai c\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng kh\u00e1c.<\/li><li>L\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m trung gian \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng m\u1ea1ng LAN v\u1edbi Router \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Internet.<\/li><li>Gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i trong Frame do c\u00f3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ed7i. C\u00e1c g\u00f3i tin t\u1ed1t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n \u0111i (c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Store-and-forwad).<\/li><li>Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i chia s\u1ebb b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng, c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a Switch s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111i ra sao. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111i \u1edf m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/li><li>Switch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Bridge nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed5ng, ch\u00fang nh\u1eadn t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u v\u1eadt l\u00fd r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng, ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00edch r\u1ed3i g\u1eedi t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/li><li>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 giao ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ec3u Unicast (one-to-one), Multicast (one-to-many) v\u00e0 Broadcast (one-to-all).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.\u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Switch<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb Switch c\u00f3 2 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt m\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vai tr\u00f2 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Ph\u00e2n chia k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t m\u1ed7i \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/strong> Switch chia nh\u1ecf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 microsegment, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u segment kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 g\u1eedi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f9ng l\u00fac m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ai.<\/li><li><strong>Cung c\u1ea5p b\u0103ng th\u00f4ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng: <\/strong>\u0110\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, Switch s\u1ebd chia nh\u1ecf m\u1ea1ng LAN th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea1ng nh\u1ecf, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ri\u00eang gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ri\u00eang.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Switch<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1.\u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd r\u1ea5t cao, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m.<\/li><li>Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 Switch m\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng LAN ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/li><li>C\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2.Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh cao.<\/li><li>Vi\u1ec7c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t. Do t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o m\u1eadt cao, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eady, th\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n s\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i tham gia m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Switch<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p>Khi Frame \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a Switch, Switch s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp Frame n\u00e0y ra kh\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb nh\u1eadn. \u0110\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00fang, Switch s\u1ebd d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9a Source MAC v\u00e0 Destination MAC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi Switch b\u1eadt l\u00ean, b\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng tin th\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 MAC, \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u1ea3ng MAC. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc Source MAC khi Frame \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp Frame ra m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Destination MAC. N\u1ebfu Destination c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n th\u00ec ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh g\u1eedi lu\u00f4n, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd broadcast ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng tr\u1eeb c\u1ed5ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1.Switch l\u00e0 g\u00ec ? Switch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ea1ch trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng LAN (Local Area Network), d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ea1ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau theo ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh sao (Star). Switch s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ee9ng ra l\u00e0m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb kh\u00e1c k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9557,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"","ocean_second_sidebar":"","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"","ocean_custom_header_template":"","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[80,27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-687","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-huong-dan-tai-lieu","category-mang-va-may-chu","entry","has-media"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/687","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=687"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/687\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10041,"href":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/687\/revisions\/10041"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9557"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=687"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=687"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vacif.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=687"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}